Arts and Crafts, Madagascar

One of the things that really stands out about the Malagasy people is how resourceful they are. Their arts and crafts are deeply tied to the land and local traditions, and it’s amazing to see how much they can create using locally sourced materials or even recyclables.

Take woodcarving, for example. In the central highlands, the Zafimaniry people are famous for their intricate geometric patterns carved into furniture, doors, and even tombs. These patterns, aside from being decorative, carry a deeper meaning. They reflect family ties, beliefs, and cultural identity. Woodworking was once widespread across Madagascar, but today, it’s mainly kept alive by the Zafimaniry. They build their homes entirely from wood sourced directly from the forest. They use no nails or hinges, just precise, snug-fitting slot-and-tab joints. Their woodcarving tradition is considered so culturally significant that UNESCO has recognised it as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Then there’s textile weaving. The traditional garment called a ‘lamba’ is a big part of Malagasy culture. Made from locally grown cotton or wild silk gathered in the highlands, the pattern of the lamba is carefully planned, with no two exactly alike, then woven by hand on a simple loom. The threads are often dyed using natural plant-based colours, giving each piece its own subtle, earthy tones. The silk lamba is typically reserved for special ceremonies or events like births, weddings, and funerals and is often passed down as a family heirloom. 

Another common sight across Madagascar is raffia weaving. Raffia fibres come from a type of palm. Malagasy artisans use them to make everything from hats and mats to baskets and bags. It’s all done by hand, often with techniques passed down through families. The fibres are dyed in vibrant colours using natural pigments and then woven into bold, beautiful, functional patterns. 

Then there’s the creative use of recycled materials, which shows how resourceful the Malagasy people are. In towns like Antsirabe, artisans turn old tin cans, wires, and scrap metal into miniature rickshaws, toy cars, and bicycles, each handmade. Even bottle caps and discarded flip-flop soles are reused. One particularly unique material is the zebu horn. Instead of throwing it away, the horn is heated, shaped, and polished into buttons, jewellery, combs, and decorative cutlery. 

For many communities, artisanal work has become a source of income, especially those in rural areas. Many of these crafts, such as raffia weaving, silk weaving and woodcarving, preserve cultural heritage and create sustainable livelihoods. They support families by generating income through local markets, tourism, and international sales.

Watching any artisan go through the extensive process of creating their craft from start to finish gives me a deep appreciation and respect for their work, as it highlights the skill, patience, and dedication required to transform raw materials into something beautiful and functional.