Beaumaris, Wales Coast Path

 Beaumaris is a small, charming town on the island of Anglesey in Wales. It is set at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, a tidal waterway that separates the island from the North Wales coastline. Historically, Anglesey, known as Ynys Môn in Welsh, was part of Gwynedd, a medieval Welsh kingdom, and is now a county northwest of mainland Wales. 

The town's history traces back to the mid-9th century when Vikings established a presence in Gwynedd through conquest or trade. Initially focused on raids for resources, the Vikings eventually settled more permanently. Gwynedd's access to the sea easily facilitated Viking navigation, while fertile farming soil supported the settlers' needs. At that time, Beaumaris was known as Porth y Wygyr, translating to "Port of the Vikings". 

The Norman invasion of Britain in the late 11th century significantly impacted Anglesey. Given Anglesey's strategic location, it became a target for Norman expansion. Castles were constructed along its coastline, creating a network of fortifications to establish authority, safeguard its borders, and protect newly acquired territories. 

However, it wasn't until the late 13th century, after the conquest of Wales, that Edward I ordered additional fortifications as part of the "Ring of Iron". Beaumaris Castle was the last of the royal strongholds, planned to be the crowning glory, built with near-perfect symmetry. Partially surrounded by a moat, the castle has a concentric design with dual layers of walls and defenses bordering a central courtyard. This layout protected against attackers and contributed to the castle's strength. However, the castle was never completed, partly due to financial constraints and changing priorities. Beaumaris Castle joins Conwy Castle as the second UNESCO World Heritage Site in the “Ring of Iron”.

The town's story was shaped by the royal charter granted by Edward I, giving civic rights to English and Norman-French residents while limiting the rights of the Welsh. The charter prevented the Welsh from holding government roles, owning property, and engaging in certain trade activities. The town's architecture showcases landmarks like Tudor Rose, the town's oldest timber-framed building dated around 1480, the stylish 15th-century interiors of The Bull's Head Inn, and the distinctive hexagonal design of 19th-century Beaumaris Gaol, intended for more effective inmate supervision. 

To complete my exploration of Beaumaris, I strolled down to the beach and onto the pier that once served as a docking point for 19th-century steamships. As I stand at the pier's edge, gazing out to sea, I envisioned the arrival of Viking ships centuries ago—whether for trade, raiding, or settlement—each visit carrying an air of anticipation and uncertainty.